Naissance du tatouage
Personne ne sait vraiment exactement quand l’art du tatouage a commencé. Les hommes préhistoriques se sont certainement aperçus que si l’on frottait du charbon de bois sur une coupure, la marque restait. Les chercheurs pensent qu’ils ont réalisé plusieurs coupures et que c’est devenu un tatouage. Cela marque le développement de croyances profondes.
Des tatouages dans toutes les civilisations
Les Égyptiens
En 1891, des archéologues découvrent la momie d’une Pétresse égyptienne « Amounette » dans un tombeau Royal. Son abdomen et ses jambes étaient couverts de tatouages : des petits points et de traits (symboles des talismans utilisés par les Égyptiens appelés « les fiancés de la mort »). Etaient-ils là pour accompagner la mort ?
Les Romains
Les Romains eux refusaient la moindre marque sur la peau. Tout tatouage était signe de bannissement. Le corps devait être « pur ». Ils l’utilisaient uniquement sur les criminels. Mais les légionnaires romains loin du pays natal commencèrent à l’utiliser comme symbole de fierté. Au contact des populations les romains intégrèrent les tatouages et utilisèrent leurs propres outils pour en créer.
Le Christianisme
[su_row]
[su_column size=”1/2″] A cette époque là, tout tatouage était banni. En dépit des injonctions de la bible, beaucoup de chrétiens étaient tatoués. Ce fut le début des tatouages religieux. Pendant la guerre Sainte et les Croisades au 10 et 11ème siècle, les combattants avaient la croix de Jérusalem tatouée en signe de protection et pour être enterrés avec le respect de leur rites religieux. [/su_column]
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Le Japon ancien
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[su_column size=”3/4″]L’art du tatouage s’est développé dans les entre classes sociales. Ces tatouages partaient du début du cou pour finir sur les épaules. Ils pouvaient descendre sur tout le corps. En 1870, le gouvernement Japonais interdit le tatouage qu’il considérait barbare et subversif ce qui le rendit attractif notamment chez les gangs japonais dont les Yakuza. Avec le temps, le tatouage a évolué pour passer d’une forme de rebellion à des croyances religieuses. Au Japon, le tatouage est aujourd’hui une vraie oeuvre qui sert à élever l’âme et la spiritualité de la personne tatouée.[/su_column]
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De l’artisanat aux techniques modernes
[su_row][su_column size=”1/2″]Au début du 19ème l’âge de la machine envahit le monde (transports, constructions, progrès industriels….) Le tatouage subit lui aussi sa propre mutation sur la voix de la mécanisation des procédés. Les tatouages jusqu’alors étaient réalisés avec des outils manuels qui perçaient la peau et injectaient des pigments colorés pour créer des motifs. C’était un procédé long, fastidieux et parfois douloureux. En 1891 New-York, Samuel Orelly inventa une machine à tatouer et la tatouage devient un produit commercial et connu un regain de popularité. Des ateliers fleurirent partout à travers tous les Etats-Unis.[/su_column]
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Le tatouage aujourd’hui
Le tatouage est aujourd’hui est un art à part entière et nombreux festivals le célèbre. Il permet un contact instantané entre les gens qui le portent. Les marques et les célébrités s’en sont emparés.
Les significations de tatouages varient selon les cultures et les croyances des tatoués. Cependant il reste l’expression d’un individualisme et la tentation d’être à part…Il est la représentation de ce qu’est la personne, comment elle se conduit et de comment elle souhaite être perçu par les autres.
Pour aller plus loin
Articles sur les tatouages Yakuza
http://www.tattoo-tatouages.com/modeles/tatouage-yakuza-japonais.html
http://www.firerank.com/liste/tatouage-yakuza-exemples-de-cet-art-japonais-traditionnel/847
Reportages très complet sur les tatouages
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAsR4zAnAG0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rS02g__jjco
Emission de radio sur le tatouage chrétien – France Inter
http://www.franceinter.fr/depeche-la-tradition-du-tatouage-chretien
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